クワッドスモールフォームファクタプラガブル（QFSP）マルチソースアグリーメント（MSA）モジュール規格のデュアル密度バージョンは、2018年の多数のデモとアルファモジュールテストの後、新しいラインカードの基準となるように見受けられます。QSFP-DDブームで注視すべき点は、モジュール自体の物理的特性ではなく、高度なシグナリング方式への転換に与えるその影響です。5年前のQSFP28の登場は、NRZシグナリングを使用した25Gbps電気チャネル支配の到来を告げるものでした。現在では、QSFP-DDとその上位にあたるオクタルSFPやOSFPがPAM4シグナリングを使用しています。この場合、50Gbpsチャネルが最も多く使用されますが、QSFP-DDは8チャネルインターフェイスをさまざまな実装で使用できる柔軟性に富んでいます。200Gbitイーサネットでは25Gx8、400Gbitイーサネットでは50Gx8、そしておそらく標準以前の800Gbitイーサネットでは初期の100Gx8が利用可能です。
The slow evolution of pluggable optics MSAs has all but eliminated larger WAN-style optical modules (CFP types), while providing interoperability in physical and electrical standards through informal agreements rather than mandates from standards bodies. The original Small Form-factor Pluggable, or SFP, helped standardize and drive 10Gbps networks. The quad-channel QSFP was useful in migrating 10Gbps to 40Gbps networks. Then the faster successor, QSFP28, proved even more useful in driving 28Gbps channels that used NRZ coding. Four of these 28Gbps channels could be used to implement an effective 100Gbps module.
In 2017, PAM4 still was the emerging signaling for both 50Gbps channels, and for single-lambda 100G Ethernet. The long-time use of NRZ for 10Gbps and 25Gbps channels certainly will not disappear overnight. But the maturation of PAM4 technology (analog and digital instantiations) has placed the new signaling method at the forefront of the newest higher-speed Ethernet implementations. In fact, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) has approved PAM4 as the preferred signaling for all 50Gbit, 100Gbit and 200Gbit and 400Gbit Ethernet standards within the umbrella 802.3bs, 802.3cd and 802.3ck standards. Additionally, MSAs such as the 100G per Lambda group are organizing to fill out PAM4 signaling for the entire data center ecosystem.
Over the past decade and a half, Semtech has delivered industry-leading CDR platforms integrating its ClearEdge® and FiberEdge™ platforms for 10Gbps and 25/100Gbps NRZ optical modules. Maintaining the theme of minimizing cost, power, footprint, and ease of design, the newly announced Tri-Edge CDR platforms will deliver the same benefits for PAM4 signaling addressing the next generation of optical modules from 50Gbps to 400Gbps and beyond.
This blog is the second in a series on Signal Integrity industry trends. Read part one here and subscribe to Semtech’s monthly blog digest for regular updates.
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